It is an alkane(C_nH_2n+2) having chemical formula CH₄. The methane is one of the major constituents (about 85%) of the natural gas. It has bond angle of 109.5 degrees. It is also known as marsh gas as it is found in marshy areas.

Physical properties: (i) Boiling point : -162°C.

(ii) Melting point : -183°C.

(iii) It is a colourless and odourless gas.

(iv) It is insoluble in water.

(v) It dissolves in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride etc.

(vi) It is lighter than air.   

Chemical Properties: (i) Methane reacts with chlorine, fluorine to undergo substitution reactions.

(ii) In sufficient amount of oxygen, it burns to give CO₂ and water but in insufficient oxygen, it gives out CO.

(iii) It also reacts with halogens.

(iv) Methane produces a lot of heat when undergoes combustion so it is also used as a fuel.

Uses: (i) It is used as a fuel in gas turbine.

(ii) It is used as a domestic fuel.

(iii) It is also used as a fuel for vehicle in the form of CNG (Compressed natural gas).